The HbA1c test, also known as the glycated hemoglobin test, is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. It's used to diagnose diabetes and prediabetes, and to monitor blood sugar control in people with diabetes. Unlike daily blood sugar tests that show short-term fluctuations, HbA1c provides a broader picture of long-term glucose control.

How it works: The test measures the amount of glucose (sugar) attached to hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells. Since red blood cells live for about 120 days, the HbA1c test reflects the average blood sugar levels over that period.

Why it's important:

• Diagnosis: Helps diagnose diabetes and prediabetes.

• Monitoring: Helps people with diabetes track their blood sugar control and adjust treatment plans.
• Risk assessment: High HbA1c levels indicate poor blood sugar control and increased risk of diabetes complications.

How the test is done: A blood sample is taken, usually from a vein in the arm, and no special preparation is needed (like fasting). The results are typically available within a short time.

Interpreting results:

• Normal: Below 5.7%.

• Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%.

• Diabetes: 6.5% or higher.

HbA1c levels are also used to monitor diabetes management, with different ranges indicating different levels of control. For example, a range of 42-53 mmol/mol is considered ideal for people with diabetes.

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